Lupus (SLE) Blood Test

What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues and organs throughout the body. It is caused by the production of autoantibodies, particularly antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, which trigger widespread inflammation and tissue damage. The ANA Screen IFA with Reflex to Titer and Pattern is the most important initial test for diagnosis, as it detects the autoantibodies characteristic of lupus.

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What causes Lupus (SLE)?

Lupus is caused by a malfunction in the immune system that produces autoantibodies, particularly antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, which attack the body's own healthy tissues. These autoantibodies target cell nuclei and DNA, triggering widespread inflammation that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, and blood vessels. While the exact trigger is unknown, genetic factors, hormones (particularly estrogen), environmental exposures like sunlight and infections, and certain medications can all contribute to the development of this autoimmune response.

What is the best test for Lupus (SLE)?

The ANA Screen IFA with Reflex to Titer and Pattern is the most important initial test for lupus because it detects antinuclear antibodies present in over 95% of people with SLE. This test not only identifies whether ANA is present but also provides the titer (concentration) and pattern of the antibodies, which helps guide diagnosis and further testing. For confirmed diagnosis, the Anti-dsDNA (Double-Stranded) Antibodies test is essential because these specific antibodies are highly characteristic of lupus and their levels correlate with disease activity. Additional important tests include Complement Component C3c to monitor immune system consumption during flares, and the Sedimentation Rate test to measure overall inflammation levels in your body.

When should I get tested for Lupus?

You should get tested if you experience unexplained fatigue along with joint pain and swelling, especially if you notice a butterfly-shaped rash across your cheeks and nose. Testing is also important if you have recurring fevers without infection, extreme sensitivity to sunlight that causes rashes, unexplained hair loss, mouth sores, or fingers that turn white or blue in the cold (Raynaud's phenomenon). Women of childbearing age with a family history of autoimmune diseases should consider testing if they develop these symptoms, as lupus is more common in women and often appears between ages 15 and 45.

What are the symptoms of Lupus (SLE)?
Lupus symptoms vary widely but commonly include extreme fatigue that does not improve with rest, painful and swollen joints (especially in hands, wrists, and knees), and the characteristic butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose. Other symptoms include fever without infection, skin rashes that worsen with sun exposure, hair loss, mouth or nose sores, chest pain when breathing deeply, headaches, dizziness, memory problems, and Raynaud's phenomenon where fingers turn white or blue in cold temperatures. Some people also experience swollen lymph nodes, unexplained weight loss, and anemia.
Who is at risk for Lupus (SLE)?
Women are at significantly higher risk than men, with lupus being nine times more common in women, particularly during childbearing years (ages 15-45). African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American women have higher rates of lupus than Caucasian women and tend to develop more severe disease. Having a family history of lupus or other autoimmune diseases increases your risk, as genetics play an important role. Other risk factors include exposure to certain medications, infections like Epstein-Barr virus, and excessive sun exposure that can trigger disease onset in genetically susceptible individuals.
What happens if Lupus is left untreated?
Untreated lupus can cause severe and permanent damage to multiple organ systems. Kidney damage (lupus nephritis) can progress to kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant, while heart complications can include inflammation of the heart muscle, arteries, and increased risk of heart attacks. Lung inflammation can cause breathing difficulties and permanent scarring, and brain involvement can lead to strokes, seizures, memory loss, and psychiatric problems. Blood complications include dangerous clotting, severe anemia, and increased infection risk. Bone damage from reduced blood flow (avascular necrosis) can occur, and pregnancy complications including miscarriage become more likely without proper management.
Can Lupus be diagnosed with a blood test?
Yes, lupus is primarily diagnosed through blood tests combined with clinical symptoms. The ANA test is the first screening tool, positive in over 95% of lupus patients, followed by more specific tests like anti-dsDNA antibodies that confirm the diagnosis. Blood tests also measure complement levels (C3 and C4) that decrease during active disease, inflammation markers like sedimentation rate, and complete blood counts that often show anemia or low white blood cell counts in lupus patients. While no single blood test definitively diagnoses lupus, the combination of multiple positive antibody tests along with clinical symptoms helps doctors make an accurate diagnosis using established diagnostic criteria.
How is Lupus (SLE) treated?
Lupus treatment is tailored to your specific symptoms and organ involvement, typically starting with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for joint pain and antimalarial medications like hydroxychloroquine that help control overall disease activity. Corticosteroids are used to quickly reduce inflammation during flares, while immunosuppressant medications like methotrexate, azathioprine, or mycophenolate help control the overactive immune system for long-term management. Biologic therapies like belimumab target specific immune system components, and newer medications continue to be developed. Treatment also includes sun protection, adequate rest, stress management, and regular monitoring with blood tests to track disease activity and medication effects.
How can I prevent Lupus flares?
While you cannot prevent lupus itself, you can reduce flares by avoiding direct sunlight and always wearing SPF 50+ sunscreen, protective clothing, and hats, as UV exposure is a major flare trigger. Get adequate sleep (7-9 hours nightly) and manage stress through meditation, yoga, or counseling, since physical and emotional stress can trigger symptoms. Avoid infections by practicing good hygiene and staying up-to-date on vaccinations, and do not smoke as tobacco worsens lupus symptoms and reduces medication effectiveness. Stay physically active with low-impact exercise like walking or swimming, maintain a healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and low in processed foods, and take all medications exactly as prescribed even when feeling well.
What natural approaches help support Lupus management?
While natural approaches cannot replace medical treatment, certain lifestyle measures can support lupus management alongside your prescribed medications. Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil supplements or fatty fish like salmon may help reduce inflammation, and vitamin D supplementation is often recommended since many lupus patients are deficient and sun avoidance limits natural vitamin D production. Turmeric (curcumin) has anti-inflammatory properties that some find helpful, and gentle exercises like tai chi, yoga, and swimming help maintain joint flexibility without triggering flares. Adequate hydration, anti-inflammatory foods like leafy greens and berries, stress reduction techniques, and proper sleep hygiene all support overall immune function. Always discuss supplements with your doctor as some can interact with lupus medications or affect disease activity.
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Is it possible to make changes to my lab order if I made a mistake with the name, date of birth, or any other details?
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Just reach out to us via text at 754-799-7833 or shoot us an email at support@privatemdlabs.com. Remember to include your order number and let us know the correct information you’d like to update. Our awesome team will jump right in and make sure everything is sorted out and accurate for you.

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If you have any questions, please text us at 754-799-7833 or email support@privatemdlabs.com.
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We get it – sometimes your needs change.

As long as your samples haven’t been collected yet, we’re happy to help you cancel your order.

If you have any further questions, please text us at 754-799-7833 or email support@privatemdlabs.com.

You can read more about our cancellation policy here.
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If you have any questions, please text us at 754-799-7833 or email support@privatemdlabs.com and we'll gladly help you.
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