Question 1

What is Sjögren's Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks moisture-producing glands, causing dry eyes and dry mouth. It is caused by abnormal B-cell and T-cell activation that produces autoantibodies, particularly anti-SSA (Ro) and anti-SSB (La) antibodies, which attack the salivary and lacrimal glands. The Sjögren's Antibodies (SS-A, SS-B) test is the most important test for diagnosis because these antibodies are highly specific markers of the disease.

Question 2

What causes Sjögren's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Sjögren's syndrome is caused by an autoimmune response where your immune system mistakenly attacks the glands that produce moisture, particularly the salivary glands in your mouth and lacrimal glands in your eyes. The condition occurs when abnormal B-cells and T-cells produce autoantibodies called anti-SSA (Ro) and anti-SSB (La), which specifically target and damage these moisture-producing tissues. While the exact trigger is unknown, genetic factors combined with environmental factors like viral infections may activate this abnormal immune response, leading to chronic inflammation and progressive damage to the affected glands.

Question 3

What is the best test for Sjögren's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The Sjögren's Antibodies (SS-A, SS-B) test is the most important test for Sjögren's syndrome because it detects the specific autoantibodies that attack moisture-producing glands. These antibodies are highly specific markers found in 60-70% of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, making this test essential for confirming the diagnosis. Additional supporting tests include the ANA Screen IFA which detects general autoimmune activity, the Rheumatoid Factor test which is positive in about 50% of Sjögren's patients, and the Complement Component C4c test which may show decreased levels due to ongoing inflammation. A comprehensive blood panel combining these tests provides the most accurate diagnosis when evaluated alongside your symptoms.

Question 4

When should I get tested for Sjögren's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

You should get tested if you experience persistent dry eyes that feel gritty or burning, chronic dry mouth that makes swallowing or speaking difficult, or unexplained tooth decay despite good oral hygiene. Testing is also important if you have frequent swollen salivary glands, extreme fatigue that interferes with daily activities, or joint pain and stiffness similar to arthritis. Early diagnosis through blood testing is crucial because untreated Sjögren's syndrome can lead to serious complications including dental problems, eye damage, and involvement of other organs like the lungs, kidneys, or nervous system.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The hallmark symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome are dry eyes and dry mouth, but the condition affects your whole body. You might notice your eyes feel gritty, burn, or are sensitive to light, while your mouth may feel parched even after drinking water, making it hard to swallow dry foods. Many people experience swollen salivary glands near the jaw, persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest, and joint pain or stiffness similar to arthritis. Other symptoms include dry skin, vaginal dryness, persistent dry cough, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, and frequent cavities or oral thrush due to reduced protective saliva.

Question 6

Who is at risk for Sjögren's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Sjögren's syndrome primarily affects women, who are nine times more likely to develop the condition than men, with most diagnoses occurring between ages 40 and 60. You have a higher risk if you already have another autoimmune disease like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or thyroid disorders, as Sjögren's syndrome often occurs alongside these conditions. Genetic factors play a role, so having a family history of autoimmune diseases increases your susceptibility. Certain ethnic backgrounds, particularly Caucasian and African American populations, show higher prevalence rates. Even if you do not fit these categories, anyone can develop Sjögren's syndrome, making it important to recognize symptoms early.

Question 7

What happens if Sjögren's syndrome is left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Left untreated, Sjögren's syndrome can cause serious and permanent damage to your body. Chronic dry eyes may lead to corneal ulcers, infections, and potentially vision loss, while severe dry mouth dramatically increases your risk of cavities, gum disease, and tooth loss. The inflammation can spread beyond moisture-producing glands to affect your lungs causing interstitial lung disease, your kidneys leading to kidney dysfunction, your blood vessels causing vasculitis, and your nervous system resulting in peripheral neuropathy. People with untreated Sjögren's syndrome also have a significantly increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system. Early diagnosis and proper management through blood testing can prevent these complications and preserve your quality of life.

Question 8

Can Sjögren's syndrome be diagnosed with a blood test?

Accepted Answer

Yes, blood tests are essential for diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome and provide the most specific evidence of the disease. The primary blood test detects SS-A and SS-B antibodies, which are present in the majority of people with Sjögren's syndrome and confirm that your immune system is attacking moisture-producing glands. Additional blood tests measure antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor, complement levels, and inflammatory markers that support the diagnosis. While your doctor may also perform eye tests to measure tear production and lip biopsies to examine salivary gland tissue, blood testing is typically the first step and provides objective laboratory evidence that guides the entire diagnostic process and treatment decisions.

Question 9

How is Sjögren's syndrome treated?

Accepted Answer

Treatment for Sjögren's syndrome focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications since there is no cure for the autoimmune process. For dry eyes, doctors typically recommend artificial tears, prescription eye drops like cyclosporine or lifitegrast, and punctal plugs that block tear drainage to keep eyes moist longer. Dry mouth treatment includes saliva substitutes, prescription medications like pilocarpine or cevimeline that stimulate saliva production, and meticulous dental care to prevent cavities. For systemic symptoms like joint pain and fatigue, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hydroxychloroquine, or immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed. Regular monitoring through blood tests helps your doctor adjust treatment and watch for complications, ensuring the most effective management of your condition.

Question 10

How can I prevent Sjögren's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

There is no proven way to prevent Sjögren's syndrome since it is an autoimmune disorder with genetic and environmental factors beyond your control. However, if you have risk factors like other autoimmune diseases or a family history, staying alert to early symptoms like persistent dry eyes or mouth allows for earlier diagnosis and treatment. Avoiding smoking is crucial, as tobacco use worsens dry mouth and eye symptoms while increasing complications. Maintaining overall immune system health through balanced nutrition, stress management, adequate sleep, and regular exercise may help reduce autoimmune flare-ups. If you develop symptoms, getting tested promptly and starting treatment early provides the best outcomes and can prevent the serious complications associated with unmanaged disease.

Question 11

What natural remedies help with Sjögren's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

While natural remedies cannot cure Sjögren's syndrome, several approaches can help manage symptoms alongside medical treatment. Staying well-hydrated by sipping water throughout the day, using a humidifier at home and work, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol helps combat dryness. Chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugar-free candies stimulates natural saliva production to relieve dry mouth. An anti-inflammatory diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids from fish, flaxseed, and walnuts may help reduce systemic inflammation, while avoiding sugary and acidic foods protects your teeth from decay. Protecting your eyes by wearing wraparound sunglasses outdoors, taking breaks from screens, and using preservative-free artificial tears provides relief. Regular gentle exercise, stress reduction through yoga or meditation, and getting adequate sleep can help manage fatigue and improve overall well-being.

Question 12

How’s this work?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

How do I know which test to get?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

When will my lab results be available?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Is it possible to make changes to my lab order if I made a mistake with the name, date of birth, or any other details?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Do you accept health insurance?

Accepted Answer

Only HSA & FSA is accepted.
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Question 17

Can I cancel my order?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

How can I find a lab location near me?

Accepted Answer

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Sjögren's Syndrome Blood Test

What is Sjögren's Syndrome?

What causes Sjögren's syndrome?

What is the best test for Sjögren's syndrome?

When should I get tested for Sjögren's syndrome?

References

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