Respiratory Failure Blood Test

What is Respiratory Failure?

Respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition where the lungs cannot adequately exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, leading to dangerously low blood oxygen levels or high carbon dioxide levels. It is caused by severe lung diseases like pneumonia, COPD, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or conditions affecting breathing muscles such as neuromuscular disorders. The Lactic Acid Plasma test is the most important blood test for monitoring respiratory failure complications because it detects tissue oxygen deprivation and guides critical treatment decisions.

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What causes respiratory failure?

Respiratory failure is caused by severe lung damage from pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary embolism, or neuromuscular conditions like myasthenia gravis that weaken breathing muscles. Trauma to the chest, drug overdoses that suppress breathing, and severe asthma attacks can also trigger this life-threatening condition. When the lungs cannot deliver enough oxygen to the blood or remove carbon dioxide effectively, vital organs begin to fail, making immediate medical intervention critical.

What is the best test for respiratory failure?

The Lactic Acid Plasma test is the most important blood test for monitoring respiratory failure because it detects whether your tissues are receiving adequate oxygen. When oxygen levels drop during respiratory failure, your body switches to anaerobic metabolism, producing excess lactic acid that builds up in the bloodstream. Elevated lactic acid levels signal that tissues are oxygen-starved and help doctors assess how severe the respiratory failure has become and adjust life-saving treatments like mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. While arterial blood gas analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosing respiratory failure, the Lactic Acid test provides crucial information about metabolic complications and tissue perfusion.

When should I get tested for respiratory failure?

You should get tested immediately if you experience severe shortness of breath at rest, bluish discoloration of your lips or fingernails, extreme confusion or drowsiness, rapid breathing that feels ineffective, or chest pain with difficulty breathing. People with COPD, severe pneumonia, or other chronic lung diseases should seek emergency testing if their symptoms suddenly worsen. If you have been hospitalized for respiratory failure, regular lactic acid testing helps monitor your recovery and ensures your tissues are getting enough oxygen as treatment progresses.

What are the symptoms of respiratory failure?
Respiratory failure symptoms include severe shortness of breath even at rest, rapid shallow breathing or gasping for air, bluish tint to the skin especially around lips and fingernails (cyanosis), extreme fatigue and weakness, confusion or altered mental state, and rapid heartbeat. You might also experience sweating, anxiety or restlessness, inability to speak in full sentences due to breathlessness, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. These symptoms indicate your body is not getting enough oxygen and require immediate emergency medical attention.
Who is at risk for respiratory failure?
People with chronic lung diseases like COPD, severe asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, or cystic fibrosis face the highest risk for respiratory failure. Those who smoke heavily, have suffered chest trauma, or experienced near-drowning are also vulnerable. Individuals with neuromuscular disorders like ALS or muscular dystrophy that weaken breathing muscles, people recovering from major surgery, and those with severe pneumonia or sepsis are at increased risk. Older adults, people with weakened immune systems, and individuals with obesity or sleep apnea also have elevated risk for developing respiratory failure.
What happens if respiratory failure is left untreated?
Untreated respiratory failure leads to organ damage and death within minutes to hours as the brain, heart, kidneys, and liver are deprived of oxygen. The heart may develop dangerous arrhythmias or stop beating altogether, while the brain suffers irreversible damage from oxygen deprivation, potentially causing permanent cognitive impairment, coma, or brain death. Kidneys can fail from inadequate blood flow, and blood becomes dangerously acidic from carbon dioxide buildup, disrupting every bodily function. Respiratory failure is a medical emergency that requires immediate hospitalization with mechanical ventilation and intensive care to prevent death or permanent disability.
Can respiratory failure be diagnosed with a blood test?
Respiratory failure cannot be diagnosed with standard blood tests alone but requires arterial blood gas analysis, which measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels directly from an artery. However, the Lactic Acid Plasma blood test is essential for monitoring complications of respiratory failure by detecting whether your tissues are oxygen-starved. Elevated lactic acid indicates your cells have switched to anaerobic metabolism due to insufficient oxygen, helping doctors assess the severity of tissue damage and adjust treatments. Blood tests for kidney and liver function, electrolytes, and complete blood counts also help identify complications and guide comprehensive treatment strategies.
How is respiratory failure treated?
Respiratory failure is treated with supplemental oxygen through nasal cannula, face mask, or mechanical ventilation to restore adequate oxygen levels to the blood and tissues. Doctors address the underlying cause with antibiotics for pneumonia, bronchodilators for COPD or asthma, diuretics for fluid in the lungs, or treatments for blood clots. In severe cases, patients require intensive care with ventilators that breathe for them, and some may need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) that oxygenates blood outside the body. Treatment also includes intravenous fluids, medications to support blood pressure, and continuous monitoring of blood gases and lactic acid levels.
How can I prevent respiratory failure?
You can prevent respiratory failure by quitting smoking immediately, managing chronic lung conditions like COPD and asthma with prescribed medications, and getting annual flu and pneumonia vaccines to prevent respiratory infections. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce breathing strain, practice good hand hygiene to avoid infections, and seek prompt medical treatment for respiratory symptoms before they worsen. If you have a chronic condition, monitor your symptoms daily, use medications as prescribed, and attend regular follow-up appointments. Avoid exposure to air pollutants, allergens, and secondhand smoke, and learn proper breathing techniques if you have chronic lung disease.
What can I do at home for respiratory failure?
Respiratory failure requires immediate emergency medical care and cannot be safely managed at home, so call 911 if you suspect respiratory failure. While recovering under medical supervision, you can support your breathing by sitting upright to ease lung expansion, using prescribed oxygen exactly as directed, and practicing pursed-lip breathing to slow your breathing rate. Stay hydrated to keep mucus thin and easier to clear, use a humidifier to moisten airways, and avoid smoking or secondhand smoke exposure completely. Follow all medication schedules precisely, attend pulmonary rehabilitation if recommended, and monitor your symptoms closely, reporting any worsening to your healthcare provider immediately.
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If you have any questions, please text us at 754-799-7833 or email support@privatemdlabs.com and we'll gladly help you.
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Lactic Acid, Plasma
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