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Recurrent miscarriage is the loss of two or more pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation. It is caused by genetic clotting disorders like Factor V Leiden mutation, hormonal imbalances, chromosomal abnormalities, and immune system dysfunction. The Factor V Leiden Mutation Analysis is the most important test for diagnosis because it identifies inherited blood clotting disorders that can cause placental blood clots and recurrent pregnancy loss.
Recurrent miscarriage is caused by genetic clotting disorders like Factor V Leiden mutation, antiphospholipid syndrome, chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo, uterine structural problems, hormonal imbalances including progesterone deficiency and thyroid disorders, and immune system dysfunction. Blood clotting disorders are particularly significant because they can cause clots to form in the placenta, cutting off oxygen and nutrients to the developing baby. Chromosomal abnormalities become more common with advancing maternal age, which is why women over 35 have higher miscarriage rates.
The Factor V Leiden Mutation Analysis is the most important test for recurrent miscarriage because it detects the most common inherited blood clotting disorder that causes pregnancy loss. This genetic test identifies whether you carry the Factor V Leiden mutation, which increases your risk of developing blood clots in the placenta that can lead to miscarriage. If the mutation is found, your doctor can prescribe blood thinners like low-dose aspirin or heparin during pregnancy to prevent clotting and significantly improve your chances of carrying a baby to term. Additional testing may include antiphospholipid antibody screening, karyotype testing for both partners, thyroid function tests, and progesterone levels to identify other treatable causes.
You should get tested if you have experienced two or more pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation, if you have a family history of blood clotting disorders or recurrent miscarriages, if you have a personal history of blood clots or deep vein thrombosis, or if you are planning to conceive again after previous pregnancy losses. Testing is best done before attempting another pregnancy so that preventive treatments can be started early. Early identification of risk factors allows your healthcare provider to develop a treatment plan that may include blood thinners, progesterone supplementation, or other interventions to support a healthy pregnancy from the very beginning.
What this means
Your testosterone levels are slightly below the optimal range. While this is not necessarily cause for concern, it may contribute to occasional fatigue, reduced motivation, or lower muscle mass over time.
Recommended actions
Increase resistance or strength training
Prioritize 7–8 hours of quality sleep per night, try to reduce stress
Include more zinc- and magnesium-rich foods (like shellfish, beef, pumpkin seeds, spinach)
Consider retesting in 3–6 months
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