Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40, leading to reduced estrogen production and irregular or absent menstrual periods. It is caused by early depletion or dysfunction of ovarian follicles, which disrupts hormone production and fertility. The Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test is the most important test for diagnosis because it directly measures ovarian reserve and remaining follicle count.
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Primary ovarian insufficiency is caused by early depletion or dysfunction of ovarian follicles before age 40. The exact cause varies and can include genetic disorders like Turner syndrome or Fragile X syndrome, autoimmune diseases where the body attacks ovarian tissue, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and viral infections. In many cases, the cause remains unknown, which is called idiopathic POI. The key issue is that the ovaries stop producing normal amounts of estrogen and releasing eggs regularly, leading to irregular periods and fertility challenges.
The Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test is the most important test for primary ovarian insufficiency because it directly measures ovarian reserve by detecting hormone levels produced by small follicles in the ovaries. Low AMH levels strongly indicate POI, as they reflect fewer functional follicles and diminished egg supply. This test is particularly valuable because AMH levels correlate closely with the number of remaining eggs and are not affected by menstrual cycle timing. Healthcare providers may also order FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and estradiol tests to confirm diagnosis, as elevated FSH with low estradiol also indicates ovarian dysfunction.
You should get tested if you are under 40 and experiencing irregular or missed periods for three months or more, difficulty getting pregnant after trying for six months, hot flashes or night sweats, vaginal dryness, or decreased sex drive. Women with a family history of early menopause or POI should consider testing even before symptoms appear. Early detection through blood testing helps guide treatment decisions, fertility planning options like egg freezing, and hormone replacement therapy to protect bone and heart health.
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What this means
Your testosterone levels are slightly below the optimal range. While this is not necessarily cause for concern, it may contribute to occasional fatigue, reduced motivation, or lower muscle mass over time.
Recommended actions
Increase resistance or strength training
Prioritize 7–8 hours of quality sleep per night, try to reduce stress
Include more zinc- and magnesium-rich foods (like shellfish, beef, pumpkin seeds, spinach)
Consider retesting in 3–6 months
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