Pinworm infection is a common intestinal parasitic infection caused by small, thread-like worms that live in the large intestine. It is caused by the parasite Enterobius vermicularis, which lays eggs around the anal area, typically at night. The Ova & Parasites with Giardia Antigen stool test is the most important test for diagnosis as it directly detects pinworm eggs and parasites in stool samples.
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Pinworm infection is caused by the parasite Enterobius vermicularis, a small, white, thread-like worm that lives in the large intestine and rectum. The infection spreads when pinworm eggs are accidentally swallowed, typically from contaminated hands, surfaces, or objects. Once ingested, the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and the worms mature as they travel to the large intestine. Female worms then migrate to the anal area at night to lay thousands of eggs, which causes intense itching and leads to further spread through scratching and hand-to-mouth contact.
The Ova & Parasites with Giardia Antigen stool test is the most important test for pinworm infection because it directly detects pinworm eggs (ova) and parasites in stool samples, providing definitive evidence of an active intestinal infection. This comprehensive test can identify Enterobius vermicularis along with other parasitic organisms that may be present. The test works by examining stool samples under a microscope to locate the characteristic pinworm eggs, which have a distinctive oval shape with one flattened side. In some cases, a tape test (pressing clear tape against the anal area in the morning) may also be used to collect eggs, but the stool test provides a more comprehensive parasitic screening.
You should get tested if you experience intense itching around the anus or vaginal area, especially at night when pinworms are most active. Testing is also recommended if you notice difficulty sleeping due to anal discomfort, see small white thread-like worms in stool or around the anal area, or experience irritability and restlessness without clear cause. Children who attend daycare or school are at higher risk and should be tested if they show symptoms, as pinworm spreads easily in group settings. Household members of someone diagnosed with pinworms should also consider testing, as the infection often affects multiple family members.
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What this means
Your testosterone levels are slightly below the optimal range. While this is not necessarily cause for concern, it may contribute to occasional fatigue, reduced motivation, or lower muscle mass over time.
Recommended actions
Increase resistance or strength training
Prioritize 7–8 hours of quality sleep per night, try to reduce stress
Include more zinc- and magnesium-rich foods (like shellfish, beef, pumpkin seeds, spinach)
Consider retesting in 3–6 months
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