Lactic Acidosis Blood Test

What is Lactic Acidosis?

Lactic acidosis is a serious metabolic condition characterized by excessive accumulation of lactic acid in the bloodstream, causing blood pH to drop dangerously low. It is caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues, impaired cellular metabolism, or conditions like heart failure, sepsis, liver disease, and certain medications. The Lactic Acid Plasma test is the most important test for diagnosis because it directly measures lactic acid concentration in the blood.

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What causes lactic acidosis?

Lactic acidosis is caused by conditions that prevent your body from getting enough oxygen to tissues or that interfere with how your cells produce energy. Heart failure, severe infections like sepsis, shock, respiratory failure, liver disease, kidney disease, and certain cancers can all trigger lactic acidosis by disrupting normal cellular metabolism. Medications like metformin (used for diabetes), excessive alcohol consumption, and intense physical exertion can also cause lactic acid to build up faster than your body can clear it, leading to dangerous blood pH levels.

What is the best test for lactic acidosis?

The Lactic Acid Plasma test is the most important test for lactic acidosis because it directly measures the concentration of lactic acid in your bloodstream, providing immediate confirmation of the condition. When lactic acid levels rise above 4 mmol/L, it indicates lactic acidosis and helps doctors identify whether the cause is related to oxygen deprivation (Type A) or metabolic dysfunction (Type B). This test is essential not only for diagnosing lactic acidosis but also for monitoring how well treatment is working, as levels should decrease as the underlying condition improves.

When should I get tested for lactic acidosis?

You should get tested if you experience symptoms like rapid breathing, confusion, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or muscle weakness, especially if you have conditions like heart failure, diabetes, liver disease, or take metformin. Anyone with severe infections, sepsis, or who has recently experienced shock or respiratory distress should be tested immediately, as lactic acidosis can become life-threatening within hours. If you have cancer, kidney disease, or recently engaged in extreme physical exertion and feel unusually unwell, testing is also warranted to catch this condition early.

What are the symptoms of lactic acidosis?
Symptoms of lactic acidosis include rapid, deep breathing (hyperventilation), confusion or altered mental state, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and muscle weakness or cramping. You might also experience a fruity-smelling breath, rapid heart rate, and feeling unusually cold or clammy. These symptoms often develop quickly and can progress to severe complications like low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, and loss of consciousness if not treated immediately, making it crucial to seek emergency medical attention if you notice these warning signs.
Who is at risk for lactic acidosis?
People with heart failure, severe infections, chronic liver or kidney disease, and certain types of cancer are at higher risk for developing lactic acidosis. Those taking metformin for diabetes, especially if they have kidney problems or consume excessive alcohol, face increased risk. Individuals who experience shock, severe blood loss, respiratory failure, or sepsis are also highly vulnerable. Additionally, people with mitochondrial disorders, inherited metabolic conditions, and those undergoing intense physical exertion without proper conditioning have elevated risk for this dangerous metabolic condition.
What happens if lactic acidosis is left untreated?
If left untreated, lactic acidosis can rapidly progress to life-threatening complications including organ failure, irregular heart rhythms, severe low blood pressure, and coma. The excessive acid in your blood disrupts normal cellular function throughout your body, particularly affecting your heart, brain, kidneys, and liver. Without prompt medical intervention, lactic acidosis has a high mortality rate, with death occurring within hours to days as multiple organ systems fail. Even with treatment, severe lactic acidosis can cause lasting damage to vital organs, making early detection and immediate medical care absolutely critical.
Can lactic acidosis be diagnosed with a blood test?
Yes, lactic acidosis is definitively diagnosed with a blood test that measures lactic acid levels in your plasma. The Lactic Acid Plasma test provides a precise measurement, with levels above 4 mmol/L confirming lactic acidosis (normal range is 0.5-2.2 mmol/L). Healthcare providers often order additional blood tests alongside the lactic acid test, including arterial blood gas analysis to measure blood pH, electrolyte panels, kidney and liver function tests, and complete blood counts to identify the underlying cause and severity of the condition.
How is lactic acidosis treated?
Treatment for lactic acidosis focuses on addressing the underlying cause while providing supportive care to stabilize your condition. This typically includes oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation to improve oxygen delivery to tissues, intravenous fluids to restore blood volume and circulation, and medications to support blood pressure and heart function. If the cause is medication-related, such as metformin toxicity, the drug is immediately discontinued and dialysis may be performed to remove both the medication and excess lactic acid. Treating infections with antibiotics, managing diabetes, or addressing heart failure are essential components of the overall treatment strategy.
How can I prevent lactic acidosis?
You can reduce your risk of lactic acidosis by properly managing chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, and kidney problems through regular medical care and monitoring. If you take metformin, follow your doctor's dosing instructions carefully, avoid excessive alcohol consumption, and have your kidney function checked regularly. Stay hydrated during intense physical activity and build up exercise intensity gradually rather than pushing yourself to extreme exertion suddenly. Seek prompt medical attention for severe infections, and inform all your healthcare providers about your medical history and current medications to avoid dangerous drug interactions.
What can I do at home for lactic acidosis?
Lactic acidosis is a medical emergency that cannot be safely managed at home and requires immediate hospitalization. If you suspect lactic acidosis, call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately rather than attempting home remedies. Once you have recovered and are stable under medical supervision, you can support your ongoing health by staying well-hydrated, eating a balanced diet, avoiding excessive alcohol, taking medications exactly as prescribed, and monitoring any chronic conditions closely. Regular follow-up blood tests as recommended by your doctor help ensure lactic acid levels remain normal and underlying conditions are well-controlled.
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If you have any questions, please text us at 754-799-7833 or email support@privatemdlabs.com and we'll gladly help you.
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Lactic Acid, Plasma
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